Over the last decade, several researchers have observed a worrying phenomenon: a slight decline in the average intelligence quotient (IQ) in certain Western countries, including Canada. This reversal, sometimes associated with the end of the “Flynn effect” – this gradual increase in IQ scores observed throughout the 20th century – raises important questions about the evolution of cognitive abilities within the population.
Organizations and ministries corroborate this data
Data compiled by organizations like Statistics Canada, combined with various university studies, do not necessarily demonstrate a spectacular decline in intelligence, but rather a decline in certain indicators related to reasoning, abstract problem solving and working memory. Experts, however, urge caution: IQ measures specific skills in a given context and does not reflect all forms of intelligence, particularly social, creative or emotional.
Several elements could be involved
Several hypotheses are put forward to explain this trend. The omnipresence of screens and the rapid consumption of digital content could influence attention and the ability to sustain concentration. Other researchers point to environmental factors, such as the quality of food, exposure to certain pollutants or even socioeconomic inequalities which affect cognitive development from childhood.
The education system is also at the heart of the debate. Some specialists believe that teaching methods must adapt to a constantly evolving technological reality, in order to further stimulate critical thinking and analytical skills.
Transformations to be better understood
Despite these findings, several experts point out that there is no reason to give in to alarmism. Societies evolve, and the forms of intelligence valued also change. The challenge for public decision-makers will be to better understand these transformations and invest in policies that promote the overall development of younger generations.
Martine Dallaire